Blog by Rakesh.A

Recently I read about this topic and wanted to share it, I couldn’t recollect the source where I read it first to give a reference link, so just writing it here. When JVM requires memory, Operating System always allocates continuous memory blocks. When objects get created and destroyed frequently, JVM allocates memory where ever available. Think of a situation where 1000 [each of size 5bytes] objects got allocated in some ‘x’ time span and only 500 of them are killed/de-allocated. Memory occupied by these 500 objects might not be continuous, the de-allocated memory might me scattered across heap memory. Each de-allocated block is of size 5bytes – so, you might be having free memory block of size 5bytes across heap, if JVM wants to allocate a 10byte memory block it cannot use these 5bytes blocks, it has to find a continuous 10byte free space in heap and allocate it. This situation is called as " Heap Fragmentation " [same as ‘ Disk Fragmentation ’], where the heap memory is...

Recently I observed search patterns about Ant script to make executable JAR files, many end up on wrong pages of my blog. This blog post is for those who are searching for it. Its fairly easy and simple to use Ant Script, to make an executable JAR file, see the script below. <jar destfile="_dist/my-executable-jar.jar">     <fileset dir="_bin" />     …     <manifest>         <attribute name="Main-Class" value="com.mypackage.ClassWithMain" />     </manifest> </jar> As you can see, we usee the ‘jar’ ant task to create a JAR file, we want to create the JAR file with the name ‘my-executable-jar.jar’ – which is given as ‘destfile’ attribute value of ‘jar’ task and we wanted to include all the compiled classes which are available at ‘_bin’ directory – which is provided using ‘fileset’ tag in the second line of the script. Then comes the important part – th...

Ever had a situation where you are using Ant to build a JAR file and this JAR uses classes from other JAR OR needs few other JAR files to be in class path. Placing dependent JARs in class path manually is one way of doing it, but what if you want to generate/deliver/use only one JAR [may be executable] which includes all the dependent JARs in it. ‘ zipfileset ’ attribute of the ‘ jar ’ ANT task is the one to use. Say, you are trying to generate a JAR file with name ‘ my-application.jar ’, which needs/depends on another JAR with the name ‘ some-dependency.jar ’. Assuming all the compiled classes are available under ‘_bin’ directory, the dependent JAR is available under ‘lib’ directory and you want to place the generated JAR under ‘_dist’ directory, ANT script might look as given below <jar destfile="_dist/my-application.jar">     <fileset dir="_bin" />     <zipfileset src="lib/some-dependency.jar" includes="**/*.class" excludes=...